Replanted teeth stored in a newly developed powdered coconut water formula.

BACKGROUND/AIM: A newly developed powdered coconut water formulae (ACP-404) has been proposed to preserve periodontal ligament cell viability. The aim of this study was to investigate the periodontal healing of dog teeth replanted after storage in ACP-404 with 2 different osmolalities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty teeth of 10 adult beagle dogs were extracted and randomly subjected to the following protocols: immediate replantation after extraction (positive control); dry conditions (negative control); and storage in ACP-404 I (G1), ACP-404 II (G2), in coconut water long shelf life (G3) or in pH-neutralized coconut water long shelf life (G4) for 50 minutes before replantation. The animals were euthanized 28 days post-operatively and processed for histomorphometric analysis using an optical microscope. The groups were subjected to histomorphometric analysis compared with immediate replantation and dry conditions. The data were statistically analysed using the Kruskal-Wallis test with post-analysis using Dunnett's test. RESULTS: The normal periodontal area was significantly higher for the G1 than for the G2 and G3 groups (P < .001). The positive control group presented similar normal periodontal areas compared to the experimental groups, except for the G3 and negative control groups (P < .001). G1 presented the lowest level of external root replacement resorption compared to the other groups (P < .05). All storage solutions had similar periodontal conditions for repaired resorption areas, inflammatory root resorption, ankylosis and replacement resorption (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: ACP-404 I (G1) was better overall and was able to preserve the normal periodontium and had less external root replacement resorption.

Evaluation of coconut water neutralized by different agents on the viability of human fibroblasts: an in vitro study / Avaliação da água de coco neutralizada por diferentes agentes na viabilidade de fibroblastos humanos: estudo in vitro

Objective: This study evaluated four types of pH adjustment of the coconut water (CW) on viability of human fibroblasts (HFF). Material and method: Natural and industrialized CW were adjusted to pH 7.0 using: (1) Sodium Hidroxide (NaOH), (2) Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3), (3) Triethanolamine (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2-Methil-1-Propanol (C4H11NO). Fibroblasts were plated at 2×104/ well in 96 well plates and maintained in the CW solutions for 2 h and 4 h. Positive control was represented by HFF maintained in DMEM and the negative control by tap water. Cell viability was analyzed by MTT formazan method. Data were analyzed by 3-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's and Dunnet's test. Result: There are no significant effect on the cell viability regarding type of CW, period of evaluation, and the interactions between CW and period of evaluation, CW and pH adjustment method, pH adjustment method and period of evaluation (p>0.05). Conclusion The product used for CW pH adjustment did not influenced HFF viability, thought there are a tendency of better performance in natural CW.

Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia de quatro tipos de substâncias usadas para ajuste do pH da água de coco (AC) sobre a viabilidade de fibroblastos humanos (HFF). Material e método: O pH da AC natural e industrializada foi ajustado para pH 7,0 utilizando: (1) Hidróxido de Sódio (NaOH), (2) bicarbonato de sódio (NaHCO3), (3) Trietanolamina (C6H15NO3), (4) 2-Amino-2- Methil-1-propanol (C4H11NO). Células HFF foram plaqueadas em 2×104 células/poço em placas de 96 poços e mantidas nas diferentes soluções de AC acima durante 2 h e 4 h. Controle positivo foi representado por HFF mantidas em DMEM e o controle negativo por água da torneira. A viabilidade celular foi avaliada pelo método de MTT Formazan. Os dados foram analisados por 3-way ANOVA seguido pelo teste de Tukey e Dunnett. Resultado: A viabilidade celular não é influenciada pelo período de avaliação, e as interações entre AC e período de avaliação, AC e método de ajuste de pH, método de ajuste de pH e período de avaliação (p> 0,05). Conclusão: O produto utilizado para ajuste do pH não interfere na viabilidade de FH, embora, haja uma tendência de melhor desempenho em AC natural.

Autonomic nervous system modulation affects the inflammatory immune response in mice with acute Chagas disease.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of changes to the autonomic nervous system in mice during the acute phase of Chagas disease, which is an infection caused by the parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. The following types of mice were inoculated with T. cruzi (CHG): wild-type (WT) and vesicular acetylcholine transporter knockdown (KDVAChT) C57BL/6j mice; wild-type non-treated (NT) FVB mice; FVB mice treated with pyridostigmine bromide (PYR) or salbutamol (SALB); and ß(2)-adrenergic receptor knockout (KOß2) FVB mice. During infection and at 18-21 days after infection (acute phase), the survival curves, parasitaemia, electrocardiograms, heart rate variability, autonomic tonus and histopathology of the animals were evaluated. Negative control groups were matched for age, genetic background and treatment. The KDVAChT-CHG mice exhibited a significant shift in the electrocardiographic, autonomic and histopathological profiles towards a greater inflammatory immune response that was associated with a reduction in blood and tissue parasitism. In contrast, the CHG-PYR mice manifested reduced myocardial inflammation and lower blood and tissue parasitism. Similar results were observed in CHG-SALB animals. Unexpectedly, the KOß2-CHG mice exhibited less myocardial inflammation and higher blood and tissue parasitism, which were associated with reduced mortality. These findings could have been due to the increase in vagal tone observed in the KOß2 mice, which rendered them more similar to the CHG-PYR animals. In conclusion, our results indicate a marked immunomodulatory role for the parasympathetic and sympathetic autonomic nervous systems, which inhibit both the inflammatory immune response and parasite clearance during the acute phase of experimental Chagas heart disease in mice.